Endometriosis is the abnormal growth of cells (endometrial cells) similar to those that form the inside or lining the tissue of the uterus, but in a location outside of the uterus. Endometrial cells are cells that are shed each month during menstruation. The cells of endometriosis attach themselves to tissue outside the uterus and are called endometriosis implants. These implants are most commonly found on the ovaries, the Fallopian tubes, outer surfaces of the uterus or intestines, and on the surface lining of the pelvic cavity. They can also be found in the vagina, cervix, and bladder, although less commonly than other locations in the pelvis. Rarely, endometriosis implants can occur outside the pelvis, on the liver, in old surgery scars, and even in or around the lung or brain. Endometrial implants, while they can cause problems, are benign (not cancerous).
Clinical studies have found that oxidative stress might play a role in the development and progression of endometriosis.
Studies have demonstrated that depleted glutathione levels may be linked with infertility and pregnancy complications.
Clinical Studies
Reprod Toxicol. 2013 Aug 28. pii: S0890-6238(13)00342-0. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.08.005. [Epub ahead of print]
Markers of oxidative stress in follicular fluid of women with endometriosis and tubal infertility undergoing IVF.
Source
School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
Abstract
Oxidative stress and trace elements in the oocytes environment is explored in endometriosis and impact on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome assessed. Follicular fluid was aspirated at the time of oocyte retrieval from endometriosis (n=200) and tubal infertility (n=140) and the analytes measured using spectroscopy and HPLC. Increased concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxidation (LPO), iron, lead, cadmium and reduced levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx),glutathione reductase (GR), vitamins A, C, E, copper, zinc and selenium was observed compared to tubal infertility. Increased ROS and NO inendometriosis and tubal infertility associated with poor oocytes and embryo quality. Increased levels of ROS, NO, LPO, cadmium and lead were observed in women who did not become pregnant compared to women who did. Intrafollicular zinc levels were higher in women with endometriosiswho subsequently became pregnant following IVF.
Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Inc.
KEYWORDS:
Oxidative stress, Trace elements, Endometriosis, Follicular fluid, In-vitro fertilization (IVF), Oocyte quality, Pregnancy outcome
- PMID:
- 23994512
- [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Oxidative stress and antioxidants: exposure and impact on female fertility
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproductive failure is a significant public health concern. Although relatively little is known about factors affecting fertility and early pregnancy loss, a growing body of literature suggests that environmental and lifestyle factors play an important role. There is sufficient evidence to hypothesize that diet, particularly its constituent antioxidants, and oxidative stress (OS) may influence the timing and maintenance of a viable pregnancy. We hypothesize that conditions leading to OS in the female affect time-to-pregnancy and early pregnancy loss.
METHODS We review the epidemiology of female infertility related to antioxidant defenses and oxidation and examine potential sources of OS from the ovarian germ cell through the stages of human pregnancy and pregnancy complications related to infertility. Articles were identified through a search of the PubMed database.
RESULTS Female OS is a likely mediator of conception and threshold levels for OS exist, dependent on anatomic location and stage of preconception.
CONCLUSIONS Prospective pregnancy studies with dietary assessment and collection of biological samples prior to conception with endpoints of time-to-pregnancy and early pregnancy loss are needed.
Oxidative stress and endometriosis
+Author Affiliations
- 5To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: jacksole@mail.nih.gov
- Received October 8, 2004.
- Revision received March 1, 2005.
- Accepted March 8, 2005.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the aetiology of endometriosis; however, in the presence of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species might increase growth and adhesion of endometrial cells in the peritoneal cavity, leading to endometriosis and infertility. Within a study investigating persistent organic compounds and endometriosis, the authors evaluated the association between oxidative stress and endometriosis. METHODS: Women aged 18–40 years who were undergoing laparoscopy were contacted to participate in the study (n=100); 84 were eligible and agreed to be interviewed; 78 provided blood specimens. Four markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status were measured in serum for 61 women. Multiple imputation of missing data was used to generate values for the missing oxidative stress data. RESULTS: Thirty-two women had visually confirmed endometriosis at laparoscopy while 52 did not, including 22 undergoing tubal ligation and 30 with idiopathic infertility. There was a weak association between thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (nmol/ml) and endometriosis, after adjusting for age, body mass index, current smoking, hormone use in the past 12 months, gravidity, serum vitamin E, serum estradiol, and total serum lipids (β=1.18; 95% CI–0.04, 2.39). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that oxidative stress might play a role in the development and progression of endometriosis, which should be evaluated in larger studies.
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