Exogenous and Endogenous Antioxidants

Antioxidants can be found in different nutrients:

Vitamins such as vitamin A (beta-carotene), C, E, K

Minerals such as Zinc and Selenium

Amino Acids such as Glutathione (GSH), Methionine, and N-Acethyl Cysteine

Enzymes such as Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)

Whole foods such as turmeric and garlic


There are Two Main Types of Antioxidants

Exogenous antioxidants are antioxidants that can be found in food and vitamins. Examples of these are:

Vitamin A (beta-carotene) 

Vitamin C

Vitamin E


Endogenous Antioxidants are antioxidants that produced by the body. Endogenous 

antioxidants are more powerful free radical fighters than those you can get from your diet. 

Examples of these are:


Glutathione - most powerful

Co-enzyme Q10 (Co-Q10)

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)

Catalase (CAT)

Alpha lipoic acid (ALA)


Professor Keith says that SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase are the three most 

important of these because the body can produce more of them when certain free radicals are 

present.



SOD can convert free radicals into hydrogen peroxide, which catalase and GSH can then turn 

into oxygen and water, neutralizing them. The ALA has properties that can regenerate and 

recycle some exogenous antioxidants, as well as GSH and CoQ10. GSH can also repair DNA 

damage caused by free radicals on a cellular level, which helps your immune system and can 

slow down aging.






Endogenous antioxidants repair ALL of the free radical damage by initiating cell regeneration

from the cell inside and out, whereas, exogenous antioxidants only repair some of the free 

radical damage from the outside by stimulating (not initiating) cell regeneration.


Glutathione is about 5,000 times stronger than any other antioxidant.

Glutathione is the number 1 antioxidant as it has the most extra electrons to share.

For example:

Vitamin E has 3 extra electrons to share which can neutralize 3 free radicals at a time.

Vitamin C has 5 extra electrons to share which can neutralize 5 free radicals at a time.

Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin (OPC) has 250 extra electrons to share which can neutralize 

250 free radicals at a time.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) has 10,000 extra electrons to share which can neutralize 

10, 000 free radicals at a time.

Glutathione (GSH) has 1 MILLION extra electrons to share which can neutralize 1 MILLION

free radicals at a time as well as give back the lost electrons of exogenous antioxidants like 

vitamin C, E and A to be used again. 

Glutathione is the only antioxidant that can recycle itself.


  

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